FAA Federal Aviation Regulations (FARS, 14 CFR)

FARs   >   Part 23 - Airworthiness standards: Normal, utility, acrobatic, and commuter category airplanes

• SFAR No. 23

• SUBPART A - General
• FAR 23.1 - Applicability
• FAR 23.2 - Special retroactive requirements
• FAR 23.3 - Airplane categories

• SUBPART B - Flight
• FAR 23.21 - Proof of compliance
• FAR 23.23 - Load distribution limits
• FAR 23.25 - Weight limits
• FAR 23.29 - Empty weight and corresponding center of gravity
• FAR 23.31 - Removable ballast
• FAR 23.33 - Propeller speed and pitch limits
• Performance
  FAR 23.45 - General
• FAR 23.49 - Stalling period
• FAR 23.51 - Takeoff speeds
• FAR 23.53 - Takeoff performance
• FAR 23.55 - Accelerate-stop distance
• FAR 23.57 - Takeoff path
• FAR 23.59 - Takeoff distance and takeoff run
• FAR 23.61 - Takeoff flight path
• FAR 23.63 - Climb: General
• FAR 23.65 - Climb: All engines operating
• FAR 23.66 - Takeoff climb: One-engine inoperative
• FAR 23.67 - Climb: One engine inoperative
• FAR 23.69 - Enroute climb/descent
• FAR 23.71 - Glide: Single-engine airplanes
• FAR 23.73 - Reference landing approach speed
• FAR 23.75 - Landing distance
• FAR 23.77 - Balked landing
• Flight Characteristics
  FAR 23.141 - General
• Controllability and Maneuverability
  FAR 23.143 - General
• FAR 23.145 - Longitudinal control
• FAR 23.147 - Directional and lateral control
• FAR 23.149 - Minimum control speed
• FAR 23.151 - Acrobatic maneuvers
• FAR 23.153 - Control during landings
• FAR 23.155 - Elevator control force in maneuvers
• FAR 23.157 - Rate of roll
• Trim
  FAR 23.161 - Trim
• Stability
  FAR 23.171 - General
• FAR 23.173 - Static longitudinal stability
• FAR 23.175 - Demonstration of static longitudinal stability
• FAR 23.177 - Static directional and lateral stability
• FAR 23.181 - Dynamic stability
• Stalls
  FAR 23.201 - Wings level stall
• FAR 23.203 - Turning flight and accelerated turning stalls
• FAR 23.207 - Stall warning
• Spinning
  FAR 23.221 - Spinning
• Ground and Water Handling Characteristics
  FAR 23.231 - Longitudinal stability and control
• FAR 23.233 - Directional stability and control
• FAR 23.235 - Operation on unpaved surfaces
• FAR 23.237 - Operation on water
• FAR 23.239 - Spray characteristics
• Miscellaneous Flight Requirements
  FAR 23.251 - Vibration and buffeting
• FAR 23.253 - High speed characteristics

• SUBPART C - Structure
• General
  FAR 23.301 - Loads
• FAR 23.302 - Canard or tandem wing configurations
• FAR 23.303 - Factor of safety
• FAR 23.305 - Strength and deformation
• FAR 23.307 - Proof of structure
• Flight Loads
  FAR 23.321 - General
• FAR 23.331 - Symmetrical flight conditions
• FAR 23.333 - Flight envelope
• FAR 23.335 - Design airspeeds
• FAR 23.337 - Limit maneuvering load factors
• FAR 23.341 - Gust loads factors
• FAR 23.343 - Design fuel loads
• FAR 23.345 - High lift devices
• FAR 23.347 - Unsymmetrical flight conditions
• FAR 23.349 - Rolling conditions
• FAR 23.351 - Yawing conditions
• FAR 23.361 - Engine torque
• FAR 23.363 - Side load on engine mount
• FAR 23.365 - Pressurized cabin loads
• FAR 23.367 - Unsymmetrical loads due to engine failure
• FAR 23.369 - Rear lift truss
• FAR 23.371 - Gyroscopic and aerodynamic loads
• FAR 23.373 - Speed control devices
• Control Surface and System Loads
  FAR 23.391 - Control surface loads
• FAR 23.393 - Loads parallel to hinge line
• FAR 23.395 - Control system loads
• FAR 23.397 - Limit control forces and torques
• FAR 23.399 - Dual control system
• FAR 23.405 - Secondary control system
• FAR 23.407 - Trim tab effects
• FAR 23.409 - Tabs
• FAR 23.415 - Ground gust conditions
• Horizontal Stabilizing and Balancing Surfaces
  FAR 23.421 - Balancing loads
• FAR 23.423 - Maneuvering loads
• FAR 23.425 - Gust loads
• FAR 23.427 - Unsymmetrical loads
• Vertical Surfaces
  FAR 23.441 - Maneuvering loads
• FAR 23.443 - Gust loads
• FAR 23.445 - Outboard fins or winglets
• Ailerons, Wing Flaps, and Special Devices
  FAR 23.455 - Ailerons
• FAR 23.459 - Special devices
• Ground Loads
  FAR 23.471 - General
• FAR 23.473 - Ground load conditions and assumptions
• FAR 23.477 - Landing gear arrangement
• FAR 23.479 - Level landing conditions
• FAR 23.481 - Tail down landing conditions
• FAR 23.483 - One-wheel landing conditions
• FAR 23.485 - Side load conditions
• FAR 23.493 - Braked roll conditions
• FAR 23.497 - Supplementary conditions for tail wheels
• FAR 23.499 - Supplementary conditions for nose wheels
• FAR 23.505 - Supplementary conditions for skiplanes
• FAR 23.507 - Jacking loads
• FAR 23.509 - Towing loads
• FAR 23.511 - Ground load; unsymmetrical loads on multiple-wheel units
• Water Loads
  FAR 23.521 - Water load conditions
• FAR 23.523 - Design weights and center of gravity positions
• FAR 23.525 - Application of loads
• FAR 23.527 - Hull and main float load factors
• FAR 23.529 - Hull and main float landing conditions
• FAR 23.531 - Hull and main float takeoff condition
• FAR 23.533 - Hull and main float bottom pressures
• FAR 23.535 - Auxiliary float loads
• FAR 23.537 - Seawing loads
• Emergency Landing Conditions
  FAR 23.561 - General
• FAR 23.562 - Emergency landing dynamic conditions
• Fatigue Evaluation
  FAR 23.571 - Metallic pressurized cabin structures
• FAR 23.572 - Metallic wing, empennage, and associated structures
• FAR 23.573 - Damage tolerance and fatigue evaluation of structure
• FAR 23.574 - Metallic damage tolerance and fatigue evaluation of commuter category airplanes
• FAR 23.575 - Inspections and other procedures

• SUBPART D - Design and Construction
• General
  FAR 23.601 - General
• FAR 23.603 - Materials and workmanship
• FAR 23.605 - Fabrication methods
• FAR 23.607 - Fasteners
• FAR 23.609 - Protection of structure
• FAR 23.611 - Accessibility provisions
• FAR 23.613 - Material strength properties and design values
• FAR 23.619 - Special factors
• FAR 23.621 - Casting factors
• FAR 23.623 - Bearing factors
• FAR 23.625 - Fitting factors
• FAR 23.627 - Fatigue strength
• FAR 23.629 - Flutter
• Wings
  FAR 23.641 - Proof of strength
• Control Surfaces
  FAR 23.651 - Proof of strength
• FAR 23.655 - Installation
• FAR 23.657 - Hinges
• FAR 23.659 - Mass balance
• Control Systems
  FAR 23.671 - General
• FAR 23.672 - Stability augmentation and automatic and power-operated systems
• FAR 23.673 - Primary flight controls
• FAR 23.675 - Stops
• FAR 23.677 - Trim systems
• FAR 23.679 - Control system locks
• FAR 23.681 - Limit load static tests
• FAR 23.683 - Operation tests
• FAR 23.685 - Control system details
• FAR 23.687 - Spring devices
• FAR 23.689 - Cable systems
• FAR 23.691 - Artificial stall barrier system
• FAR 23.693 - Joints
• FAR 23.697 - Wing flap controls
• FAR 23.699 - Wing flap position indicator
• FAR 23.701 - Flap interconnection
• FAR 23.703 - Takeoff warning system
• Landing Gear
  FAR 23.721 - General
• FAR 23.723 - Shock absorption tests
• FAR 23.725 - Limit drop tests
• FAR 23.726 - Ground load dynamic tests
• FAR 23.727 - Reserve energy absorption drop test
• FAR 23.729 - Landing gear extension and retraction system
• FAR 23.731 - Wheels
• FAR 23.733 - Tires
• FAR 23.735 - Brakes
• FAR 23.737 - Skis
• FAR 23.745 - Nose/tail wheel steering
• Floats and Hulls
  FAR 23.751 - Main float buoyancy
• FAR 23.753 - Main float design
• FAR 23.755 - Hulls
• FAR 23.757 - Auxiliary floats
• Personnel and Cargo Accommodations
  FAR 23.771 - Pilot compartment
• FAR 23.773 - Pilot compartment view
• FAR 23.775 - Windshields and windows
• FAR 23.777 - Cockpit controls
• FAR 23.779 - Motion and effect of cockpit controls
• FAR 23.781 - Design and Construction
• FAR 23.783 - Doors
• FAR 23.785 - Seats, berths, litters, safety belts, and shoulder harnesses
• FAR 23.787 - Baggage and cargo compartments
• FAR 23.791 - Passenger information signs
• FAR 23.803 - Emergency evacuation
• FAR 23.805 - Flightcrew emergency exits
• FAR 23.807 - Emergency exits
• FAR 23.811 - Emergency exit marking
• FAR 23.812 - Emergency lighting
• FAR 23.813 - Emergency exit access
• FAR 23.815 - Width of aisle
• FAR 23.831 - Ventilation
• Pressurization
  FAR 23.841 - Pressurized cabins
• FAR 23.843 - Pressurization tests
• Fire Protection
  FAR 23.851 - Fire extinguishers
• FAR 23.853 - Passenger and crew compartment interiors
• FAR 23.855 - Cargo and baggage compartment fire protection
• FAR 23.859 - Combustion heater fire protection
• FAR 23.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection
• FAR 23.865 - Fire protection of flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structure
• Electrical Bonding and Lighting Protection
  FAR 23.867 - Electrical bonding and protection against lightning and static electricity
• Miscellaneous
  FAR 23.871 - Leveling means

• SUBPART E - Powerplant
• General
  FAR 23.901 - Installation
• FAR 23.903 - Engines
• FAR 23.904 - Automatic power reserve system
• FAR 23.905 - Propellers
• FAR 23.907 - Propeller vibration
• FAR 23.909 - Turbocharger systems
• FAR 23.925 - Propeller clearance
• FAR 23.929 - Engine installation ice protection
• FAR 23.933 - Reversing systems
• FAR 23.934 - Turbojet and turbofan engine thrust reverser systems tests
• FAR 23.937 - Turbopropeller-drag limiting systems
• FAR 23.939 - Powerplant operating characteristics
• FAR 23.943 - Negative acceleration
• Fuel System
  FAR 23.951 - General
• FAR 23.953 - Fuel system independence
• FAR 23.954 - Fuel system lightning protection
• FAR 23.955 - Fuel flow
• FAR 23.957 - Flow between interconnected tanks
• FAR 23.959 - Unusable fuel supply
• FAR 23.961 - Fuel system hot weather operation
• FAR 23.963 - Fuel tanks: General
• FAR 23.965 - Fuel tank tests
• FAR 23.967 - Fuel tank installation
• FAR 23.969 - Fuel tank expansion space
• FAR 23.971 - Fuel tank sump
• FAR 23.973 - Fuel tank filler connection
• FAR 23.975 - Fuel tank vents and carburetor vapor vents
• FAR 23.977 - Fuel tank outlet
• FAR 23.979 - Pressure fueling systems
• Fuel System Components
  FAR 23.991 - Fuel pumps
• FAR 23.993 - Fuel system lines and fittings
• FAR 23.994 - Fuel system components
• FAR 23.995 - Fuel valves and controls
• FAR 23.997 - Fuel strainer or filter
• FAR 23.999 - Fuel system drains
• FAR 23.1001 - Fuel jettisoning system
• Oil System
  FAR 23.1011 - General
• FAR 23.1013 - Oil tanks
• FAR 23.1015 - Oil tank tests
• FAR 23.1017 - Oil lines and fittings
• FAR 23.1019 - Oil strainer or filter
• FAR 23.1021 - Oil system drains
• FAR 23.1023 - Oil radiators
• FAR 23.1027 - Propeller feathering system
• Cooling
  FAR 23.1041 - General
• FAR 23.1043 - Cooling tests
• FAR 23.1045 - Cooling test procedures for turbine engine powered airplanes
• FAR 23.1047 - Cooling test procedures for reciprocating engine powered airplanes
• Liquid Cooling
  FAR 23.1061 - Installation
• FAR 23.1063 - Coolant tank tests
• Induction System
  FAR 23.1091 - Air induction system
• FAR 23.1093 - Induction system icing protection
• FAR 23.1095 - Carburetor deicing fluid flow rate
• FAR 23.1097 - Carburetor deicing fluid system capacity
• FAR 23.1099 - Carburetor deicing fluid system detail design
• FAR 23.1101 - Induction air preheater design
• FAR 23.1103 - Induction system ducts
• FAR 23.1105 - Induction system screens
• FAR 23.1107 - Induction system filters
• FAR 23.1109 - Turbocharger bleed air system
• FAR 23.1111 - Turbine engine bleed air system
• Exhaust System
  FAR 23.1121 - General
• FAR 23.1123 - Exhaust system
• FAR 23.1125 - Exhaust heat exchangers
• Powerplant Controls and Accessories
  FAR 23.1141 - Powerplant controls: General
• FAR 23.1142 - Auxiliary power unit controls
• FAR 23.1143 - Engine controls
• FAR 23.1145 - Ignition switches
• FAR 23.1147 - Mixture controls
• FAR 23.1149 - Propeller speed and pitch controls
• FAR 23.1153 - Propeller feathering controls
• FAR 23.1155 - Turbine engine reverse thrust and propeller pitch settings below the flight regime
• FAR 23.1157 - Carburetor air temperature controls
• FAR 23.1163 - Powerplant accessories
• FAR 23.1165 - Engine ignition systems
• Powerplant Fire Protection
  FAR 23.1181 - Designated fire zones; regions included
• FAR 23.1182 - Nacelle areas behind firewalls
• FAR 23.1183 - Lines, fittings, and components
• FAR 23.1189 - Shutoff means
• FAR 23.1191 - Firewalls
• FAR 23.1192 - Engine accessory compartment diaphragm
• FAR 23.1193 - Cowling and nacelle
• FAR 23.1195 - Fire extinguishing systems
• FAR 23.1197 - Fire extinguishing agents
• FAR 23.1199 - Extinguishing agent containers
• FAR 23.1201 - Fire extinguishing systems materials
• FAR 23.1203 - Fire detector system

• SUBPART F - Equipment
• General
  FAR 23.1301 - Function and installation
• FAR 23.1303 - Flight and navigation instruments
• FAR 23.1305 - Powerplant instruments
• FAR 23.1307 - Miscellaneous equipment
• FAR 23.1309 - Equipment, systems, and installations
• Instruments: Installation
  FAR 23.1311 - Electronic display instrument systems
• FAR 23.1321 - Arrangement and visibility
• FAR 23.1322 - Warning, caution, and advisory lights
• FAR 23.1325 - Static pressure system
• FAR 23.1326 - Pitot heat indication systems
• FAR 23.1327 - Magnetic direction indicator
• FAR 23.1329 - Automatic pilot system
• FAR 23.1331 - Instruments using a power source
• FAR 23.1335 - Flight director systems
• FAR 23.1337 - Powerplant instruments installation
• Electrical Systems and Equipment
  FAR 23.1351 - General
• FAR 23.1353 - Storage battery design and installation
• FAR 23.1357 - Circuit protective devices
• FAR 23.1359 - Electrical system fire protection
• FAR 23.1361 - Master switch arrangement
• FAR 23.1365 - Electric cables and equipment
• FAR 23.1367 - Switches
• FAR 23.1381 - Instrument lights
• FAR 23.1383 - Taxi and landing lights
• FAR 23.1385 - Position light system installation
• FAR 23.1387 - Position light system dihedral angles
• FAR 23.1389 - Position light distribution and intensities
• FAR 23.1391 - Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of position lights
• FAR 23.1393 - Minimum intensities in any vertical plane of position lights
• FAR 23.1395 - Maximum intensities in overlapping beams of position lights
• FAR 23.1397 - Color specifications
• FAR 23.1399 - Riding light
• FAR 23.1401 - Anticollision light system
• Safety Equipment
  FAR 23.1411 - General
• FAR 23.1415 - Ditching equipment
• FAR 23.1416 - Pneumatic de-icer boot system
• FAR 23.1419 - Ice protection
• Miscellaneous Equipment
  FAR 23.1431 - Electronic equipment
• FAR 23.1435 - Hydraulic systems
• FAR 23.1437 - Accessories for multiengine airplanes
• FAR 23.1438 - Pressurization and pneumatic systems
• FAR 23.1441 - Oxygen equipment and supply
• FAR 23.1443 - Minimum mass flow of supplemental oxygen
• FAR 23.1445 - Oxygen distribution system
• FAR 23.1447 - Equipment standards for oxygen dispensing units
• FAR 23.1449 - Means for determining use of oxygen
• FAR 23.1450 - Chemical oxygen generators
• FAR 23.1451 - Fire protection for oxygen equipment
• FAR 23.1453 - Protection of oxygen equipment from rupture
• FAR 23.1457 - Cockpit voice recorders
• FAR 23.1459 - Flight recorders
• FAR 23.1461 - Equipment containing high energy rotors

• SUBPART G - Operating Limitations and Information
• General
  FAR 23.1501 - General
• FAR 23.1505 - Airspeed limitations
• FAR 23.1507 - Operating maneuvering speed
• FAR 23.1511 - Flap extended speed
• FAR 23.1513 - Minimum control speed
• FAR 23.1519 - Weight and center of gravity
• FAR 23.1521 - Powerplant limitations
• FAR 23.1523 - Minimum flight crew
• FAR 23.1524 - Maximum passenger seating configuration
• FAR 23.1525 - Kinds of operation
• FAR 23.1527 - Maximum operating altitude
• FAR 23.1529 - Instructions for Continued Airworthiness
• Markings and Placards
  FAR 23.1541 - General
• FAR 23.1543 - Instrument markings: General
• FAR 23.1545 - Airspeed indicator
• FAR 23.1547 - Magnetic direction indicator
• FAR 23.1549 - Powerplant and auxiliary power unit instruments
• FAR 23.1551 - Oil quantity indicator
• FAR 23.1553 - Fuel quantity indicator
• FAR 23.1555 - Control markings
• FAR 23.1557 - Miscellaneous markings and placards
• FAR 23.1559 - Operating limitations placard
• FAR 23.1561 - Safety equipment
• FAR 23.1563 - Airspeed placards
• FAR 23.1567 - Flight maneuver placard
• Airplane Flight Manual and Approved Manual Material
  FAR 23.1581 - General
• FAR 23.1583 - Operating limitations
• FAR 23.1585 - Operating procedures
• FAR 23.1587 - Performance information
• FAR 23.1589 - Loading information

• Appendix A to Part 23 - Simplified Design Load Criteria
• Appendix B to Part 23 - [Reserved]
• Appendix C to Part 23 - Basic Landing Conditions
• Appendix D to Part 23 - Wheel Spin-Up and Spring-Back Loads
• Appendix E to Part 23 - [Reserved]
• Appendix F to Part 23 - Test Procedure
• Appendix G to Part 23 - Instructions for Continued Airworthiness
• Appendix H to Part 23 - Installation of An Automatic Power Reserve (APR) System
• Appendix I to Part 23 - Seaplane Loads

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